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Date: April 30, 2024 Tue
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Results for drug-related crime
5 results foundAuthor: Kilmer, Beau Title: Understanding Illicit Drug Markets, Supply-Reduction Efforts, and Drug-Related Crime in the European Union Summary: Efforts to provide insight into the different aspects of Europe's illicit drug problems have largely focused on indicators development to assess demand-side strategies. The development of measures capturing dimensions of the supply of different illicit substances is an emerging field in the European Union. To advance these effects, the European Commission commissioned a study to recommend indicators for improving the understanding of illicit drug markets, supply reduction efforts, and drug-related crime in the European Union. This study presents a review of the literature and RAND's previous work in this area, as well as insights from European experts and policymakers. Details: Cambridge, UK: RAND, 2010. 210p. Source: Internet Resource; RAND Corporation Technical Report Series; TR755 Year: 2010 Country: Europe URL: https://www.rand.org/pubs/technical_reports/TR755.html Shelf Number: 117144 Keywords: Drug Control (Europe)Drug Markets (Europe)Drug Trafficking (Europe)Drug-Related CrimeIllegal DrugsIllicit Drugs |
Author: University of Washington. Jackson School of International Studies Title: 2013 Task Force Report: Violent Crime Reduction in Rio de Janeiro Summary: Rio de Janeiro is infamous for violence. In many of the city's large, informal settlements known as favelas, violent drug gangs have ruled with impunity while corrupt police officers contribute to distrust of formal government. The introduction of new Pacifying Police Units (UPP) in 2008 has resulted in impressive progress, but much still remains to be done. The focus of this Task Force is to provide recommendations to ensure that the UPP program continues to be successful. Our recommendations are geared toward furthering UPP integration into communities in a way that 1) preserves the progress that has already been made and 2) ensures permanent change, both within Rio's troubled police force and in "pacified" communities. While much has been accomplished already, the task is far from complete. Each of the policy recommendations presented in the following chapters was prepared for the Public Security Secretary of Rio de Janeiro Jose Beltrame, and is tailored to his position and responsibilities. However, we recognize that a systemic problem cannot be solved by one actor, and real change must come from a combination of efforts on the part of government, NGOs, and community members themselves. The project is loosely divided into two broad sections. The first five chapters address ways internal police policies can be improved to strengthen the ability of UPPs to carry out their community policing mission. Topics include strengthening respect for community policing objectives within the police force, improving working conditions for officers, enhancing community control and involvement with local UPP units, coordinating with other governmental institutions to break the cycle of violence for convicted criminals, and including NGOs and community members in devising training curriculum for officers. The second half involves improving the means by which community upgrading projects and the provision of public services takes place after the UPPs are installed in communities. Topics include instituting a new system for coordinating public service works with ground-level community interests, improving access to healthcare within favelas by involving UPP officers in first-response systems, easing the process of land title formalization, and instituting programs to dissipate tensions between police and youth. Details: Seattle: Henry M. Jackson School of International Studies, 2013. 270p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed May 26, 2015 at: https://digital.lib.washington.edu/researchworks/bitstream/handle/1773/22749/TF%20I%202013%20text.pdf?sequence=2 Year: 2013 Country: Brazil URL: https://digital.lib.washington.edu/researchworks/bitstream/handle/1773/22749/TF%20I%202013%20text.pdf?sequence=2 Shelf Number: 129789 Keywords: Community PolicingDrug TraffickingDrug-Related CrimeFavelasGang-Related ViolenceGangsViolenceViolent Crime |
Author: United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) Title: UNODC Regional Programme in support of the CARICOM Crime and Security Strategy: Preventing and Countering Illicit Trafficking and Organized Crime for Improved Governance, Justice and Security Summary: The Caribbean is situated in the midst of some of the world's major drug trafficking routes, between the worlds main drug producing countries to the South and the major consumer markets of the North. The geographic location of the region, the general lack of adequate law enforcement capacities to effectively monitor vast coastlines, as well as its susceptibility to exogenous shocks, are some of the factors explaining the Caribbean's extreme vulnerability to the threat of transnational organized crime and its various manifestations. The nature of these challenges makes regional cooperation and a coordinated response key factors in addressing the increasing plague of transnational crime, which threatens not only regional security, but also sustainable development and growth. 2. The UNODC Regional Programme (2014-2016) in support of the CARICOM Crime and Security Strategy serves as an overarching policy framework for UNODC’s technical assistance to the Caribbean region. The Caribbean Community (CARICOM) 'Crime and Security Strategy 2013' (CCSS) clearly illustrates the areas of greatest concern regarding regional security and outlines a set of Strategic Goals aimed at strengthening the region's capacity to combat transnational organized crime and its manifestations. In an effort to support the region in achieving these Goals, UNODC has worked closely with the CARICOM Secretariat and its Implementation Agency for Crime and Security (IMPACS) to align technical assistance in such a way that these main areas of priority are adequately addressed, while avoiding any duplication of initiatives. 3. The Regional Programme consists of the following five sub-programmes, which not only reflect the range of thematic areas covered by the UNODC mandate, but also directly target the priority goals of the CARICOM Strategy: (i) Countering transnational organized crime, Illicit Trafficking and Terrorism; (ii) Countering Corruption and Money Laundering; (iii) Preventing Crime and Reforming Criminal Justice; (iv) Drug Use, Prevention and Treatment and HIV/AIDS and (v) Research, Trend Analysis and Forensics. These sub-programmes will guide the development of concrete UNODC projects and initiatives to be implemented in the region. The indicative budget of the Regional Programme, for its 3-year timeframe, stands at US$ 11,690,257. 4. The direct responsibility for the implementation of the initiatives included in this Regional Programme will lie with the UNODC Regional Office for Central America and the Caribbean in Panama (ROPAN). Standard UNODC rules and procedures will be observed, so as to ensure the appropriate level of internal oversight and evaluation. Furthermore, in line with the regional consensus on programme management, UNODC will adhere closely to agreed coordination and oversight mechanisms, through the submission of annual reports to the CARICOM Council of Ministers for Security and Law Enforcement (CONSLE), which will provide strategic guidance to and oversight of the Regional Programme’s implementation, so as to ensure adequate coordination in the implementation of activities at the regional level. . 1CARICOM Crime and Security Strategy 2013, Chapter 1 (Strategic Security Environment), paragraph 1.6. 2 The CARICOM Crime and Security Strategy 2013 was adopted at the Twenty-Fourth Inter-Sessional Meeting of the Conference of Heads of Government of CARICOM, 18-19 February 2013, Port-au-Prince, Haiti. The Strategy, which is based on a 3-year timeframe, is the authoritative reference and guiding document for security issues within CARICOM. 5. This Regional Programme (2014-2016) is an over-arching policy framework defining the joint priorities for UNODC’s technical assistance to Caribbean Member States, in alignment with and in support of the implementation of the CCSS. In their "Political Declaration on Combating Illicit Drug Trafficking, Organized Crime, Terrorism and other Serious Crimes in the Caribbean", which was approved by the Caribbean Member States during a Ministerial Conference on 'Illicit Drug Trafficking, Transnational Organized Crime and Terrorism as Challenges for Security and Development in the Caribbean' (Santo Domingo, 17-20 February 2009), the participating Member States requested “UNODC to prepare, in coordination with regional and sub-regional partners, thematic programmes identified by the region, covering the priority concerns”. UNODC's Regional Programme constitutes the key element of UNODC's response to this request as well as to the more recent calls by Member States in the region for a revitalized engagement of the Office in the Caribbean. These requests are a consequence of the perception, by Governments in the region, of the increased threats that are posed to Caribbean societies and institutions by transnational organized crime. There is a strong recognition that, in order to prevent and counter the problem of illicit drugs and organized crime affecting the Caribbean, there is a need for enhanced technical cooperation and assistance by UNODC. 6. The Programme has been developed in close collaboration with the CARICOM Secretariat, the CARICOM Implementation Agency for Crime and Security (IMPACS), the Regional Security System (RSS), the Caribbean Aviation Safety and Security Oversight System (CASSOS), as well as Member States in the region (through programming missions as well as discussions with Permanent Missions), and reflects the key priorities of regional and national stakeholders. Substantively, the Regional Programme is underpinned by and alligned with the Strategic Goals outlined in the CCSS. 7. The Regional Programme also draws significant elements from the Caribbean Community Action Plan for Social and Development Crime Prevention 2009-2013, as it fully incorporates its main pillars and updates its priorities for the period 2014-2016. 8. In the context of the CCSS, this Regional Programme will therefore cover Antigua and Barbuda, Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Dominica, Grenada, Guyana, Haiti, Jamaica, St. Kitts and Nevis, St. Lucia, St. Vincent & the Grenadines, Suriname and Trinidad & Tobago. Strategic and programmatic synergies will also be sought with Cuba and the Dominican Republic in the framework of CARIFORUM. 9. The Regional Programme is designed as a strategic tool that reflects the region's main priorities for action, and ensures complementarity with the various on-going and future initiatives of UNODC and its main partners in the region in the area of justice and security. It provides a roadmap towards providing required expertise, technical tools and services to enhance national and regional capabilities to prevent and counter organized crime, including drug trafficking and terrorism, by building stronger societies based on the rule of law and human rights. It promotes regional cooperation and integration, and supports regional and country-level capacity building, as determined by existing national needs, priorities and specificities. 10. The overall vision is that, by the year 2016, countries of the region will be in a position to count on strengthened institutions and cooperate in an effective and sustainable manner to counter the destabilizing impact of organized crime. While the ultimate attainment of this vision depends on the commitment of countries in the region and their international partners, UNODC, through the development of this Regional Programme, reiterates its commitment to support the realization of this vision through its engagement at the regional, sub-regional, national and local levels, in close collaboration with the CARICOM Secretariat, CARICOM IMPACS and other relevant regional security insitutions, such as the RSS and CASSOS. Details: New York: UNODC, 2013. 79p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed February 18, 2017 at: https://www.unodc.org/documents/ropan/UNODC_Regional_Programme_Caribbean/UNODC_Regional_Programme_for_the_Caribbean_2014-2016_in_support_of_the_CARICOM_Crime_and_Security_Strategy_2013.pdf Year: 2013 Country: Caribbean URL: https://www.unodc.org/documents/ropan/UNODC_Regional_Programme_Caribbean/UNODC_Regional_Programme_for_the_Caribbean_2014-2016_in_support_of_the_CARICOM_Crime_and_Security_Strategy_2013.pdf Shelf Number: 146652 Keywords: Drug TraffickingDrug-Related CrimeMoney LaunderingOrganized CrimeTerrorist Financing |
Author: Shortt, Joann Wu Title: Predicting Intimate Partner Violence for At-Risk Young Adults and Their Romantic Partners Summary: Intimate partner violence (IPV) in young men and women's romantic relationships is widely recognized as a significant public health problem due to its high prevalence, consequences for physical and mental health, and persistent nature. Work is needed on identifying both the developmental precursors to IPV and the pathways by which early risk increases susceptibility to IPV in order to develop targeted, timely, and effective interventions. The work funded under this National Institute of Justice award combined a prospective longitudinal component on how developmental risk factors in childhood predicted IPV in young adulthood with a proximal component on how concurrent contextual risk factors were related to IPV. Study Aims were tested using data collected over a 15-year period. Secondary analyses with 323 young adults (184 women, 139 men; average age 21 years) and their romantic partners (146 women, 177 men; average age 22 years) participating in the community-based Linking the Interests of Families and Teachers (LIFT) Study were conducted to examine pathways (i.e., prospective mediational models) predictive of IPV. The models were based on Dynamic Developmental Systems theory, which specifies how family, peer, and adolescent adjustment factors, and how couple and young adult adjustment factors (proximal associations), are related to IPV. The long-term impacts of the LIFT preventive intervention, which was intended to prevent aggression during and following elementary school, on IPV were also examined. Results Findings from five major sets of analyses were presented in journal articles. Areas of interest included examining pathways to IPV from childhood (i.e., prospective mediational risk models) with family and peer risk factors, examining young adult (proximal) IPV associations with substance use and relationship quality, as well as investigating the long-term effects of the LIFT intervention on IPV. Couples' IPV prevalence rates were relatively high. Most IPV was bidirectional or mutual, with men and women both perpetrating and being victims of IPV. Findings on developmental risk factors in childhood supported the intergenerational transmission of violence hypothesis. Childhood experiences of interparent IPV and experiences of coercive parenting (i.e., unskilled parenting) in the family-of-origin heightened the risk of IPV involvement in young adult romantic relationships. Findings also suggest that intergenerational processes and developmental pathways may be gendered. Pathways from family risk factors to IPV were via increased likelihood of problematic development in the youth, such as adolescent antisocial behavior, particularly for young men. Association with delinquent peers during adolescence was identified as a pathway to later IPV. Findings on contextual risk factors within young adulthood suggest important partner influences, such that partner characteristics of antisocial behavior and delinquent peer association also predict IPV above and beyond childhood risk factors. Men and women within couples were similar in levels of substance use, and there were associations between substance use and IPV particularly for men and for poly-substance users. Lastly, although the LIFT prevention program improved children's social and problem-solving skills and reduce physical aggression during childhood, the LIFT intervention did not appear to prevent IPV during young adulthood. Details: Eugene, OR: Oregon Social Learning Center, 2016. 20p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed May 4, 2017 at: https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/nij/grants/250668.pdf Year: 2016 Country: United States URL: https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/nij/grants/250668.pdf Shelf Number: 145301 Keywords: Anti-Social BehaviorAt-Risk YouthDrug-Related CrimeIntimate Partner ViolencePeer InfluencesYoung Adult Offenders |
Author: European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA) Title: Recent changes in Europe's cocaine market: Results from an EMCDDA trendspotter study Summary: In recent years, signals from both formal and informal monitoring sources based in a number of European countries have been indicating increased cocaine production and availability: the opening of new online markets, reports of increased use, use of new technologies (cryptomarkets, social media and encrypted messaging platforms), and rising numbers of cocaine-related hospital admissions, and even deaths, in some countries. To investigate these changes and developments in the supply and demand of one of Europes more established illicit drugs, a targeted 'trendspotter' study was initiated by the European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA) and carried out between March and June 2018. The primary aim of the study was to increase understanding of recent changes in the cocaine market in Europe. More specifically, it set out to explore levels of and patterns in powder cocaine and crack cocaine use; the market, including production, supply and product availability; drug-related harms and deaths; and the implications for law enforcement, health and social responses, and monitoring. The study commenced with a phase of data collection and a literature review undertaken by a team drawn from various sectors within the EMCDDA, and culminated in an expert meeting in Lisbon on 21-22 June 2018. Fourteen experts attended the meeting, sharing their experiences and contributing to an in-depth analysis of the topic, providing insights from drug research and monitoring, wastewater analysis, law enforcement, and health perspectives. The trendspotter study methodology incorporates a range of investigative approaches and data collection from multiple sources (EMCDDA, 2018d). This study included two web surveys among experts on the topic; a review of the international literature and available monitoring data; and, as part of the expert meeting, 14 expert presentations and findings from three facilitated working groups. The analysis was based on triangulation of these information sources, with a view to providing as complete and verified a picture as possible. The combination of routine and survey data with key informant reports and law enforcement intelligence provided a rich and in-depth view of a rapidly changing phenomenon. This report summarises the study findings and conclusions. Where results are literature-based, references are cited; otherwise, findings are based on EMCDDA monitoring and the qualitative sources described above. In this report, the term 'cocaine' refers to cocaine products in general (salt and base forms). Where it is possible to distinguish between the different products, the term 'powder cocaine' is used to refer to the hydrochloride salt form and the term 'crack cocaine' (or simply 'crack' or 'freebase') is used to refer to the base form. Details: Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union, 2018. 28p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed March 8, 2019 at: http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/system/files/publications/10225/2018-cocaine-trendspotter-rapid-communication.pdf Year: 2018 Country: Europe URL: http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/system/files/publications/10225/2018-cocaine-trendspotter-rapid-communication.pdf Shelf Number: 154850 Keywords: Cocaine Drug Abuse and Addiction Drug Markets Drug-Related CrimeIllegal Drugs |